ὀψὲ σαββάτων

ὀψέ adv. (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; En, TestSol, TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 19 and 22 [Stone p. 14]; SibOr 5, 51; Philo, Joseph.; Just., D. 52, 4).

① pert. to an advanced point of time in the day (usually between sunset and darkness), late w. gen. ὀψὲ τῆς ὥρας at a late hour (Demosth. 21, 84; Chariton 1, 14, 5; UPZ 6, 15 [163 B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 16, 218) MPol 7:1.

② pert. specif. to the period between late afternoon and darkness, late in the day, evening i.e. in the evening Mk 13:35. ὀψὲ οὔσης τῆς ὥρας (s. B-D-F §129) 11:11 v.l. (for ὀψίας). As a predicate (B-D-F §434, 1; also s. Rob. 973) ὅταν ὀψὲ ἐγένετο when it became evening, when evening came 11:19.—Used almost like an indecl. subst. (Thu. 3, 108, 3 al. ἐς ὀψέ) μέχρις ὀψέ until evening Hs 9, 11, 1; also ἕως ὀψέ (PLond III, 1177, 66 p. 183 [113 A.D.]) 9, 11, 2.—TMartin, BR 38, ’93, 55–69.

③ marker of a point of time subsequent to another point of time, after, w. special ref. to lateness, funct. as a prep. w. gen. ὀψὲ σαββάτων after the Sabbath Mt 28:1 (Aelian, VH 2, 23; Polyaenus 5, 2, 5 ὀψὲ τῆς ὥρας=later than the hour [decided upon]; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 4, 18, 138, 8 ὀψὲ μυστηρίων; 6, 10, 213, 24 ὀψὲ τούτων, Her 12, 190, 10 ὀψὲ τῆς μάχης.—B-D-F §164, 4; Rob. 645f; ETobac, RHE 20, 1924, 239–43; JMaiworm, ThGl 27, ’35, 210–16; Goodsp., Probs. 43–45; JGrintz, JBL 79, ’60, 32–47).—B. 961. DELG. M-M.

ὀψέ, [dialect] Aeol. [full] ὄψι (q. v.), Adv.

A after a long time, at length, late, ἔκ τε καὶ ὀ. τελεῖ, opp. αὐτίκα, Il.4.161;

ὀ. κακῶς ἔλθοι Od.9.534

, etc.; ὀ. διδάσκεσθαι, μανθάνειν, to be late in learning, learn too late, A.Ag. 1425, S. OC 1264;

ὀψέ γε φρονεῖς εὖ E.Or.99

; also

ὀ. δή Il.7.399

, etc.;

ὀ. γοῦν A.

l.c.;

ὀ. περ Pi.N.3.80

.

b ὀ. ἀφ' οὗ .. it is not long since.., Th.1.14.

2 late in the day, at even, Il.21.232, Od.5.272, Th.4.106, etc.; ὀφλεῖν.. ὀ. ὁδοῦ incur a penalty for being out late at night, Pl.Cra. 433a (dub.); late in the season, Hes.Op. 485; ὀ. ἦν, ὀ. ἐγίγνετο, it was, it was getting, late, X.An.2.2.16, 3.4.36; ἡ μάχη ἐτελεύτα ἐς (v.l. ἕως) ὀ. did not end till late, Th.3.108; so

ἐς ὀψέ Id.8.23

; but εἰς ὀ. ψηφίζεσθαι continue voting till late in the day, D.57.15.

3 c. gen., ὀ. τῆς ἡμέρας late in the day,

ἤδη γὰρ τῆς ἡμέρας ὀ. ἦν Th.4.93

, cf. X.HG2.1.23;

τῆς δ' ὥρας ἐγίγνετ' ὀ. D.21.84

; ὀ. τῆς ἡλικίας late in life, Luc. Dem.Enc.14, cf. Am.37.

4 as Prep. c. gen., ὀ. τούτων after these things, Philostr.VA6.10, cf. 4.18; so perh. ὀ. σαββάτων after the sabbath day, Ev.Matt.28.1.—For the [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. Advbs.v. ὄψιος.

σάββατον, ου, τό (שַׁבָּת) dat. pl. σάββασιν (Meleager : Anth. Pal. 5, 160; 1 Macc 2:38; Jos., Vi. 279, Ant. 16, 163; Just., D. 27, 5; 29, 3) always in NT except that a v.l. at Mt 12:1 and 12 acc. to codex B has σαββάτοις (so usu. LXX [Thackeray 35]; Jos., Bell. 1, 146, Ant. 3, 294. See W-S. §8, 12; B-D-F §52; Mlt-H. 128; MBlack, BRigaux Festschr. ’70, 60f.—The word is found Plut. et al.; pap, LXX; En 10:17; Philo, Joseph.)

ⓐ sing. (τὸ) σάββατον (Nepualius [I A.D.] ed. W Gemoll, Progr. Striegau 1884, 53; LXX; Philo, Cher. 87; Jos., Ant. 3, 143; 255; Just., D. 8, 4 al.) Mt 12:8; Mk 2:27f (Alex. Aphr., Eth. Probl. 10, II 2 p. 130, 34ff ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῶν ἀρετῶν χάριν, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἔμπαλιν [=vice versa]); 6:2; 15:42 v.l.; 16:1; Lk 6:5; 23:54; J 5:9f; 9:14; B 15:1a, 3; GPt 2:5 al. ἁγιάζειν τὸ ς. B 15:1b (s. 2 Esdr 23:22). βεβηλοῦν τὸ ς. Mt 12:5b; λύειν τὸ ς. J 5:18 (s. λύω 4). τηρεῖν τὸ ς. 9:16 (cp. Just., D. 10, 3). σαββατίζειν τὸ ς. (cp. Lev 23:32) Ox 1, 9f (GTh 27) φυλάσσειν τὸ ς. (s. Ex 31:13f; Lev 19:3; Just., D. 8, 4) B 15:2, s. vs. 3. On the Sabbath (s. B-D-F §200, 3; Rob. 523): ἐν τῷ σαββάτῳ (2 Esdr 23:15a, 16) Lk 6:7; J 19:31a; ἐν σαββάτῳ (2 Esdr 20:32b) Mt 12:2; Lk 6:1; J 5:16; 7:22f; τῷ σαββάτῳ Lk 6:4 D (Unknown Sayings, 49–54); 6:9; 13:14a, 15; 14:3; τῷ σαββάτῳ ἐπερχομένης τῆς κυριακῆς AcPl Ha 3, 8. σαββάτῳ (Jos., Bell. 2, 456) Mt 24:20 (s. Boll 134, 1); Lk 14:1; J 6:59 v.l.; ἐν ἑτέρῳ ς. Lk 6:6; τῷ ἐρχομένῳ ς. Ac 13:44; ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ ς. (cp. Jer 17:21f) Lk 14:5 v.l.; ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ ς. (2 Esdr 20:32a; 23:15b; cp. Cyranides p. 79, 11 ἐν ἡμ. σαββάτου) Lk 14:5; τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ ς. Lk 13:14b, 16. In the acc. of duration of time (B-D-F §161, 2) τὸ σάββατον throughout the Sabbath Lk 23:56. κατὰ πᾶν ς. (on) every Sabbath Ac 13:27; 15:21; 18:4; εἰς τὸ μεταξὺ ς. on the following Sabbath 13:42. ἡ ἡμέρα πρὸ σαββάτου Lk 23:54 D.—σάββατον μέγα Great Sabbath MPol 8:1; 21:1; cp. J 19:31b (s. ESchwartz, Christl. u. jüd. Ostertafeln: AGG VIII/6, 1905, 127). ς. τὸ λεγόμενον πρῶτον the so-called first Sabbath PtK 2, p. 14, 28.—On σαββάτου ὁδός a Sabbath day’s journey Ac 1:12 s. ὁδός 2.

ⓑ pl.

α. of more than one Sabbath (2 Ch 31:3; Ezk 46; 3; Jos., Ant. 13, 252; Just., D. 10, 3 al.) σάββατα τρία Ac 17:2. B 15:8a (Is 1:13), b.

β. τὰ σάββατα for a single Sabbath day (PCairZen 762, 6 [III B.C.]; Plut., Mor. 169c; 671e τὴν τῶν σαββάτων ἑορτήν; 672a; Ex 20:10; Lev 23:32 al.; Philo, Abr. 28 τὴν ἑβδόμην, ἣν Ἑβραῖοι σάββατα καλοῦσιν; Jos., Ant. 1, 33; 3, 237; 12, 259; 276.—B-D-F §141, 3 ; Rob. 408; ESchwyzer, ZVS 62, ’35, 1–16; ASchlatter, Mt 1929, 393) ὀψὲ σαββάτων Mt 28:1a (s. ὀψέ 3). Also prob. Col 2:16. ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν σαββάτων (Ex 20:8; 35:3; Dt 5:12; Jer 17:21f; Jos., Ant. 12, 274; Just., 27, 5) Lk 4:16; Ac 13:14; 16:13; Dg 4:3. (ἐν) τοῖς σάββασιν on the Sabbath (Jos., Vi. 279 τοῖς σάββασιν, Ant. 13, 252 v.l. ἐν τοῖς σάββασιν) Mt 12:1, 5, 10–12; Mk 1:21; 2:23, 24; 3:2, 4; Lk 4:31; 6:2; 13:10. ἡ περὶ τὰ σάββατα δεισιδαιμονία fanatical veneration of the Sabbath Dg 4:1 (only extreme danger to human life can cause the Sabbath law to be suspended: Synes., Ep. 4 p. 162bc). τὰ σάββατα the Sabbath feasts B 2:5 (Is 1:13).—JMeinhold, Sabbat u. Woche im AT 1905, Sabbat u. Sonntag 1909; JHehn, Siebenzahl u. Sabbat bei den Babyloniern u. im AT 1907, Der israelit. Sabbat 1909, Zur Sabbatfrage: BZ 14, 1917, 198–213; EMahler, Der Sabbat: ZDMG 62, 1908, 33–79, Handbuch der jüd. Chronologie 1916; GBeer, Schabbath1908; WNowack, Schabbat 1924; MWolff, Het ordeel der helleensch-romeinsche schrijvers over … den Sabbath: TT 44, 1910, 162–72; ELohse, Jesu Worte über den Sabbat, Beih. ZNW 26, ’60, 79–89; Moore, Judaism s. ind.; Schürer II 424–27; 447–54; 467–75. S. also κυριακός, end.

② a period of seven days, week

ⓐ sing. δὶς τοῦ σαββάτου two days (in) a week Lk 18:12. πρώτῃ σαββάτου on the first day of the week (Sunday) Mk 16:9. κατὰ μίαν σαββάτου every Sunday 1 Cor 16:2. πρωὶ̈ μιᾶς σαββάτου early on Sunday morning Mk 16:2 D.

ⓑ pl. (ἡ) μία (τῶν) σαββάτων (i.e. ἡμέρα) the first day of the week Mt 28:1b (Just., D. 41, 4; s. Dalman, Gramm. 247; SKrauss, Talm. Archäologie II 1911, 428f; PGardner-Smith, JTS 27, 1926, 179–81); Mk 16:2; Lk 24:1; J 20:1, 19; Ac 20:7; 1 Cor 16:2 v.l. Judeans fast δευτέρᾳ σαββάτων καὶ πέμπτῃ on the second and fifth days of the week (Monday and Thursday) D 8:1 (s. νηστεύω and the lit. there).—ESchürer, Die siebentägige Woche im Gebr. der christl. Kirche der ersten Jahrhunderte: ZNW 6, 1905, 1–66; FColson, The Week 1926; FBoll, Hebdomas: Pauly-W. VII/2, 1912, 2547–48; RNorth, The Derivation of ‘Sabbath’, Biblica 36, ’55, 182–201; WRordorf, Sunday, tr. AGraham, ’68; BHHW III 1633–35; TRE III 608.—B. 1005. DELG s.v. σάββατα. M-M. EDNT. TW.

Σάββᾰτ-ον, τό, the Hebrew Sabbath, i.e. Rest (

A

δηλοῖ δὲ ἀνάπαυσιν.. τὸ ὄνομα J.AJ1.1.1

), LXX Ex. 16.23, al., Ev.Marc.6.2,al.: freq. in pl. of the single day, PCair.Zen.762.6 (iii B.C.), LXX 4 Ki. 4.23;

ὀψὲ σαββάτων Ev.Matt.28.1

; ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν ς. LXX Nu.15.32, Ev.Luc.4.16, al. (but ἡ ἡμ. τοῦ ς. ib.13.14): heterocl. dat. pl. σάββασι ([etym.] ν) LXX 1 Ma.2.38, J.BJ1.7.3, al., Ev.Marc.2.23, al., freq. with v.l. σαββάτοις; but σάββασι is certain in AP5.159 (Mel.).

2 period of seven days, week, εἰς μίαν σαββάτων toward the first day of the week, Ev.Matt.28.1;

κατὰ μίαν σαββάτου 1 Ep.Cor.16.2

;

πρώτῃ σαββάτου Ev.Marc.16.9

; τῇ μιᾷ τῶν ς. ib.2, Ev.Jo.20.1; δὶς τοῦ ς. Ev.Luc.18.12.

3 [full] Σαβάτ, the 11th month of the Hebr. year, nearly = February, LXX 1 Ma.16.14.